R&D Productivity is a performance measure of how much new revenue is associated with dollars invested into R&D within a technology company.

Customer Concentration measures the percentage of total revenue generated by a single customer or a group of top customers, revealing the company's dependency on key accounts and associated revenue risk. High concentration indicates that losing one or a few customers could significantly impact the business, while low concentration suggests a more diversified and resilient revenue base.

Bookings is a key sales metric that is calculated by taking the total dollar value, including subscription, implementation, and discounts, that a customer has committed to spend for a product or service within a specified period.

Cash Conversion Score is used by investors to measure the return on invested capital for startups. It is calculated by dividing current ARR by the difference between total raised capital and cash on hand. Essentially, this metric gives the return on each dollar invested in a company.

The SaaS Magic Number is a ratio showing yearly recurring revenue growth gained for every sales and marketing dollar spent. It indicates the level of operational efficiency of a company, as well as the sustainability of sales and marketing expenditure.

EBITDA Margin is a financial ratio that measures a company's earnings before deducting non-operating expenses as a percentage of revenue. The calculation excludes accounting expenses such as interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization to give an overall view of operating profitability and cash flow generation capability.